import { type Chord, chordPcs, degreeChord, ROMANS } from "./chord.ts";
import { type Key, MODES, type ModeId, modesFrom } from "./key.ts";
import { mod, pcOf, plainestTonic, spellDegree } from "./pitch.ts";

const ROMAN_SUFFIX: Record<string, string> = {
  m: "",
  dim: "°",
  aug: "+",
  m7: "7",
  m7b5: "ø7",
  dim7: "°7",
  mMaj7: "maj7",
  m6: "6",
  madd9: "add9",
  m9: "9",
  m11: "11",
  m13: "13",
};

// which degree each interval above the tonic counts as: its usual one (the ♭2 ♭3 ♯4 ♭6 ♭7 of
// modal mixture), then the other a chord's spelling might ask for. the accidentals are for the
// major scale; a numeral's own accidental comes from the key's mode
// prettier-ignore
const DEGREES: [degree: number, acc: number][][] = [
  [[0, 0]], [[1, -1], [0, 1]], [[1, 0]], [[2, -1], [1, 1]], [[2, 0]], [[3, 0]],
  [[3, 1], [4, -1]], [[4, 0]], [[5, -1], [4, 1]], [[5, 0]], [[6, -1], [5, 1]], [[6, 0]],
];

/**
 * roman numeral counted in the key's mode, as Hooktheory does, in a form `parseChord` reads back:
 * in A minor, C is III, G♯ is ♯VII. it goes by pitch, so G♯m in A♭ minor is i. the spelling only
 * has a say where both names are in real use: the tritone (F♯ is ♯IV in C, G♭ is ♭V), and
 * diminished chords, which are named for where they lead (C♯°7 is ♯i°7, on its way to ii)
 */
export function romanOf(chord: Chord, key: Key): string {
  const interval = mod(pcOf(chord.root) - pcOf(key.tonic), 12);
  const names = DEGREES[interval];
  const diminished =
    chord.tones.includes(3) && chord.tones.includes(6) && !chord.tones.includes(7);
  const lettered = mod(chord.root.letter - key.tonic.letter, 7);
  const spelled = (interval === 6 || diminished) && names.find(([d]) => d === lettered);
  const [degree] = spelled || names[0];
  const acc = mod(interval - MODES[key.mode].steps[degree] + 6, 12) - 6;
  const lower = chord.tones.includes(3) && !chord.tones.includes(4);
  const numeral = lower ? ROMANS[degree].toLowerCase() : ROMANS[degree];
  const suffix =
    ROMAN_SUFFIX[chord.suffix] ?? (lower ? chord.suffix.replace(/^m(?!aj)/, "") : chord.suffix);
  return (acc > 0 ? "#" : "b").repeat(Math.abs(acc)) + numeral + suffix;
}

export const prettyRoman = (roman: string): string =>
  roman
    .replace(/^[b#]+/, a => a.replaceAll("b", "♭").replaceAll("#", "♯"))
    .replace(/b(?=\d)/g, "♭")
    .replace(/#(?=\d)/g, "♯");

/**
 * where a chord's notes come from, relative to the key: the key itself, the other keys on its
 * axis (`vertex`), or the parallel mode it'd be borrowed from. and, apart from that, what it does:
 * whether it's a dominant leading into a chord of the key (`secondary`, named for what it leads
 * to). E7 on its way to Am in C does both: its G♯ is the sharp vertex's, and it's a V7/vi
 */
export type Analysis = {
  roman: string;
  diatonic: boolean;
  vertex?: Vertex;
  borrowedFrom?: ModeId;
  secondary?: string;
};

/** `next`, the chord that follows, tells a dominant that resolves from one that only looks like one */
export function analyze(chord: Chord, key: Key, next?: Chord): Analysis {
  const roman = romanOf(chord, key);
  const pcs = chordPcs(chord);
  const inKey = (k: Key) =>
    pcs.every(p => MODES[k.mode].steps.includes(mod(p - pcOf(k.tonic), 12)));
  if (inKey(key)) return { roman, diatonic: true };

  // a vertex that's only the parallel major or minor goes by that name, as plainer
  const vertex = vertices(key).find(v => !v.parallel && inKey(v.key))?.vertex;
  const borrowedFrom = modesFrom(key.mode).find(mode => inKey({ tonic: key.tonic, mode }));
  const dominant = dominantFunction(chord, key, next);
  return {
    roman,
    diatonic: false,
    ...(vertex && { vertex }),
    ...(borrowedFrom && { borrowedFrom }),
    ...(dominant?.name && { secondary: dominant.name }),
  };
}

/**
 * where a chord's notes come from, the one source worth pointing out, as relative axis
 * interchange has it: the key; a parallel mode, as modal interchange is the plainer explanation
 * (vii7 in C is lydian's, though vii9 can only be the sharp vertex's ii9); the sharp or flat
 * vertex; locrian, which is heard as a vertex where one fits (♭iii in minor is the flat vertex's
 * i); and only then the inverse vertex, the furthest from the key
 */
export function origin(a: Analysis): "home" | Vertex | ModeId | undefined {
  if (a.diatonic) return "home";
  if (a.borrowedFrom && a.borrowedFrom !== "locrian") return a.borrowedFrom;
  if (a.vertex === "sharp" || a.vertex === "flat") return a.vertex;
  return a.borrowedFrom ?? a.vertex;
}

/**
 * a chord as a dominant leading into one of the key's chords: a fifth above it, or (as its
 * tritone substitute) a semitone above. it only does when it's followed there: a seventh makes a
 * chord look like a dominant, but where it goes makes it one. D7 in C minor that slides down to
 * D♭7 is lydian's II7, not a V7/v; B♭7 in C is as often a ♭VII7 back home as on its way to Am.
 * and a major V of the key itself is borrowed, from the parallel major or harmonic minor: there's
 * no other chord it's leading the key into
 */
function dominantFunction(chord: Chord, key: Key, next?: Chord): { name: string } | undefined {
  const t = chord.tones;
  // a major third (with a ♯9 or not), or a suspended fourth instead of any third
  const third = t.includes(4) || (t.includes(5) && !t.includes(3));
  const seventh = third && t.includes(10) && !t.includes(11);
  if (!seventh && t.join() !== "0,4,7") return undefined;

  const root = mod(pcOf(chord.root) - pcOf(key.tonic), 12);
  const resolves = (to: number) => !!next && mod(pcOf(next.root) - pcOf(key.tonic), 12) === to;
  for (const [above, sub] of [
    [7, false],
    [1, true],
  ] as const) {
    if (sub && !seventh) continue;
    const to = mod(root - above, 12);
    const degree = MODES[key.mode].steps.indexOf(to);
    if (degree < 0) continue;
    const target = degreeChord(key, key.mode, degree, false);
    if (target.suffix === "dim") continue;
    const leads = resolves(to) && (sub || degree !== 0);
    if (!leads) continue;
    const name = `${sub ? "subV" : "V"}${seventh ? "7" : ""}`;
    return { name: degree ? `${name}/${romanOf(target, key)}` : name };
  }
  return undefined;
}

export type PaletteEntry = { chord: Chord; symbol: string; diatonic: boolean };

/**
 * how a palette row's scale relates to the key. the vertices are the key's own scale moved a
 * minor third up (flat) or down (sharp), or a tritone (inverse): the other keys on its axis
 */
export type Relation = "home" | "sharp" | "flat" | "inverse" | "parallel";
export type PaletteRow = {
  key: Key;
  relation: Relation;
  entries: PaletteEntry[];
  /** for a parallel mode, the vertex it's the same scale as */
  vertex?: Vertex;
};

export type Vertex = "sharp" | "flat" | "inverse";

/**
 * each vertex's tonic as a degree above the key's, and the semitones to it. named for where they
 * are on the circle of fifths: a minor third up is three steps flatwards (C to E♭), and down is
 * three steps sharpwards (C to A)
 */
const VERTICES: [vertex: Vertex, degree: number, semis: number][] = [
  ["flat", 2, 3],
  ["sharp", 5, 9],
  // a diminished fifth rather than an augmented fourth, when both are as plain
  ["inverse", 4, 6],
];

/**
 * the other keys on the key's axis: its own scale a minor third up, down, and a tritone away.
 * in major and minor keys, one of them is no more than the parallel minor or major (C major's
 * flat vertex, E♭ major, has the notes of C minor), which is said to be its `parallel`
 */
export function vertices(home: Key): { vertex: Vertex; key: Key; parallel?: ModeId }[] {
  const steps = MODES[home.mode].steps;
  const pcs = (k: Key) => MODES[k.mode].steps.map(s => mod(pcOf(k.tonic) + s, 12)).sort();
  return VERTICES.map(([vertex, degree, semis]) => {
    const key = {
      tonic: plainestTonic(spellDegree(home.tonic, degree, semis), steps),
      mode: home.mode,
    };
    const parallel = (["ionian", "aeolian"] as const).find(
      mode => mode !== home.mode && pcs({ tonic: home.tonic, mode }).join() === pcs(key).join(),
    );
    return { vertex, key, ...(parallel && { parallel }) };
  });
}

/** the key's chords, then its vertices', then its parallel modes' (nearest first) */
export function palette(home: Key, sevenths: boolean): PaletteRow[] {
  const entries = (key: Key) =>
    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].map(degree => {
      const chord = degreeChord(key, key.mode, degree, sevenths);
      return { chord, symbol: romanOf(chord, home), diatonic: analyze(chord, home).diatonic };
    });

  const axis = vertices(home);
  return [
    { key: home, relation: "home", entries: entries(home) },
    // the vertex that's the parallel major or minor, as that, keeping its place on the axis
    ...axis.map(({ vertex, key, parallel }): PaletteRow => {
      if (!parallel) return { key, relation: vertex, entries: entries(key) };
      const same = { tonic: home.tonic, mode: parallel };
      return { key: same, relation: "parallel", vertex, entries: entries(same) };
    }),
    ...modesFrom(home.mode)
      .slice(1)
      .filter(mode => !axis.some(v => v.parallel === mode))
      .map(mode => ({
        key: { tonic: home.tonic, mode },
        relation: "parallel" as const,
        entries: entries({ tonic: home.tonic, mode }),
      })),
  ];
}